What is a Vaccination?
A vaccination is a kind of medicine which trains the immune system to fight a disease or germ. It prepares the body to make antigens or antibodies. A vaccination is generally administered through needles. A vaccine can take upto 10 years to develop and to be ready to use for public.
What are the different stages of vaccine development?
A vaccine has to go through different stages before it is made available to the public.
Pre-Clinical Trials: This research is done in the laboratories on cells and animals. Pre-clinical trials indicates about the efficiency and safety of the vaccine.
Phase I trials: In this phase, researchers monitors the kidney, liver, hormone and cardiac functions to look for adverse affects in human volunteers.It takes place for about 2 months and the vaccine is tested on less than 100 people.
>Phase II trials: In this phase, researchers focus on seeing if the treatment works, finding the safest effective dose and determining what symptoms, tests or outcomes are the best measures of efficacy of the treatment. This phase can take months even years.
Phase III trials: In this phase researchers look to see if people that get the treatment are statistically better than those don’t. Phase three trials are also designed to find any side effects of the vaccine.
Phase IV trials: In this phase, researchers test the approved vaccines for the same medical condition but in a different dose or time frame or group of people.
Approval Stage: In this stage, vaccines are sent for the approval. It is a time taking process but in case of a pandemic, "emergency approval" can be given to prevent any unwanted delay.
Manufacturing process: After the approval is granted to a vaccine, it is sent for manufacturing in different laboratories in different countries.
Do we have a vaccination for COVID-19?
The research for Covid-19 vaccine is underway. Around 240 vaccinations are in the early stage, 40 in clinical trials and 9 in final stage.
Some of the most talked vaccines are being developed by Johnson and Johnson, The university of Oxford, Serum institute of India and Novavax.
When will we have Coronavirus vaccine ?
There are different promises made by different countries. Some promises of the vaccine to be ready by the end of the year whereas some believes one to be ready by late 2021. WHO in its latest statement said that the young people will have the vaccine by 2022.
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